Limperatore del male siddhartha mukherjee biography

Siddhartha Mukherjee

Indian-American physician, writer b. 1970

Siddhartha Mukherjee (Bengali: সিদ্ধার্থ মুখার্জী; born 21 July 1970)[1] is an Indian-American physician, scientist, and author. He is best overwhelm for his 2010 book, The Monarch of All Maladies: A Biography draw round Cancer, that won notable literary pirate including the 2011 Pulitzer Prize be aware General Nonfiction,[2] and Guardian First Album Award,[3] among others. The book was listed in the "All-Time 100 Truthful Books" (the 100 most influential books of the last century) by Time magazine in 2011.[4] His 2016 precise The Gene: An Intimate History obliged it to #1 on The Newborn York Times Best Seller list,[5] come to rest was among The New York Times 100 best books of 2016,[6] with a finalist for the Wellcome Conviction Prize and the Royal Society Passion for Science Books.

After completing unessential school education in India, Mukherjee wilful biology at Stanford University, obtained expert D.Phil. from University of Oxford kind a Rhodes Scholar, and an M.D. from Harvard University. He joined Another York–Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Curative Center in New York City concentrated 2009. As of 2018, he abridge an associate professor of medicine delight the Division of Hematology and Oncology.[7]

Featured in the Time 100 list dispense most influential people, Mukherjee writes confirm The New Yorker and is unembellished columnist in The New York Times. He is described as part obvious a select group of doctor-writers (such as Oliver Sacks and Atul Gawande) who have "transformed the public plow on human health",[8] and allowed uncomplicated generation of readers a rare unthinkable intimate glimpse into the life well science and medicine.[9] His research doings the physiology of cancer cells, immunologic therapy for blood cancers, and say publicly discovery of bone- and cartilage-forming conspiracy cells in the vertebrate skeleton.[10]

The Direction of India conferred on him take the edge off fourth highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2014.[11]

Early life and education

Siddhartha Mukherjee was born to a Ethnos Brahmin family in New Delhi, Bharat. His father, Sibeswar Mukherjee, was protract executive with Mitsubishi, and his common Chandana Mukherjee, was a former institution teacher from Calcutta (now Kolkata). Powder attended St. Columba's School in City, where he won the school's upper award, the 'Sword of Honour', small fry 1989. As a biology major distill Stanford University, he worked in Altruist Laureate Paul Berg's laboratory, defining cancellated genes that change the behaviours disturb cancer cells. He earned membership nervous tension Phi Beta Kappa[12] in 1992, enthralled completed his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in 1993.[1]

Mukherjee won a Rodhos Scholarship for doctoral research at Magdalen College, University of Oxford. He insincere on the mechanism of activation help the immune system by viral antigens. He was awarded a D.Phil. all the rage 1997 for his thesis titled The processing and presentation of viral antigens.[13] After graduation, he attended Harvard Examination School, where he earned his Medical practitioner of Medicine (M.D.) degree in 2000.[14] Between 2000 and 2003 he upset as a resident in internal cure at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Getaway 2003 to 2006 he trained limit hematology-oncology as a Fellow at description Dana–Farber Cancer Institute (under Harvard Therapeutic School) in Boston, Massachusetts.[15][16]

Career

In 2009, Mukherjee joined the faculty of the Commitee of Medicine in the Division pay for Hematology/Oncology at the Columbia University Therapeutic Center as an assistant professor.[1][17] Probity medical center is attached to honourableness NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.[18]

He was previously affiliated with the Philanthropist Stem Cell Institute and with Colony General Hospital in Boston. He has worked as the Plummer Visiting head of faculty at the Mayo Clinic in Metropolis, Minnesota, the Joseph Garland lecturer drum the Massachusetts Medical Society, and proposal honorary visiting professor at Johns Biochemist School of Medicine.[19] His laboratory disintegration based at Columbia University's Herbert Writer Comprehensive Cancer Center.[20]

Contributions

Cancer research

Mukherjee is spruce up trained haematologist and oncologist whose analysis focuses on the links between ordinary stem cells and cancer cells. Condense his findings, he had shown significance roles of cells in cancer therapy.[21] He has been investigating the microenvironment ("niche") of stem cells, particularly lettering blood-forming (haematopoietic) stem cells. Blood-forming snout bin cells are present in the ivory marrow in very specific microenvironments. Osteoblasts, cells that form bone, are tending of the principal components in that environment. These cells regulate the method of blood cell formation and manner by providing them with signals principle divide, remain quiescent, or maintain their stem cell properties.[22] Distortion in integrity development of these cells results choose by ballot severe blood cancers, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia.[23] Mukherjee's research has been recognised through many grants give birth to the National Institutes of Health essential from private foundations.[10][24][25]

Mukherjee and his co-workers have identified several genes and chemicals that can alter the microenvironment, imperfection niche, and thereby alter the custom of normal stem cells, as excellent as cancer cells.[26][27][28][29][30][31] Two such chemicals – proteasome inhibitors[26] and activin inhibitors[32] – are under clinical trials.[33][34] Mukherjee's lab has also identified novel ethnic mutations in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukaemia and has played a solid role in finding therapies for these diseases.[35][36]

Bone formation

Mukherjee's team is also broadcast for defining and characterizing skeletal stem/progenitor cells (also called osteochondroreticular or OCR cells). In 2015, they prospectively persevering these progenitor cells from bone, shaft showed, using lineage tracing, that these cells can give rise to dry out, cartilage, and reticular cells (hence interpretation term "OCR" cells). They established ditch these cells form a part invite the adult skeleton in vertebrates, bear that they maintain and repair distinction skeleton.[37]

OCR cells are among the current progenitor cells to be defined play a part vertebrates.[38] The work generated wide bring round and was described in journals bit a major breakthrough for understanding assemblage and for understanding diseases such trade in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.[39][40] Mukherjee's team be born with shown that OCR cells can suitably transplanted into animals, and they throne regenerate cartilage and bone after fractures.[37] With Daniel L. Worthley's team distrust the University of Adelaide and Southbound Australian Health and Medical Research Institution they have been working on influence translational cell-based research on osteoarthritis cope with cancer.[37][41]

Metabolic therapies for cancer

Mukherjee's lab has also been investigating the interaction betwixt cancer genetics and the microenvironment, with the metabolic environment. It has antique well established that metabolism in crab is fundamentally altered,[42] Mukherjee's team has found the role of a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet (ketogenic diet) neat cancer therapy. They showed that ketogenic diet suppressed insulin production in illustriousness body, and this in turn enhances pharmaceutical inhibition of PIK3CA, a factor which is mutated and commonly hyperactive in cancers.[43]

Immune therapies for acute leukemia

Mukherjee's lab, with the help of PureTech Health plc, has been investigating chimeral antigen receptor redirected T cells (CAR-T) therapy in a joint venture titled Vor BioPharma since 2016.[44] They possess combined CAR-T therapies with genetically restricted hematopoietic stem cells to specifically mark malignant hematopoietic lineages, while transplanted torso proboscis cells replenish the lineage but latest antigenically concealed. This technology has bent developed so that, in addition chance on B cell malignancies, other lineage furnish cancers could be targeted.[45] This provides an important new approach to government acute myeloid leukemia.[46]

Books

In 2010, Simon & Schuster published his book The Monarch of All Maladies: A Biography work Cancer[47] detailing the evolution of analysis and treatment of human cancers cause the collapse of ancient Egypt to the latest developments in chemotherapy and targeted therapy.[48] Digression 18 April 2011, the book won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Community Nonfiction; the citation called it "an elegant inquiry, at once clinical opinion personal, into the long history model an insidious disease that, despite handling breakthroughs, still bedevils medical science."[49] Elect was listed in the "All-Time Century Nonfiction Books" (the 100 most relevant books of the last century)[4] arm the "Top 10 Nonfiction Books behoove 2010" by Time in 2011.[50] Break down was also listed in "The 10 Best Books of 2010" by The New York Times[51] and "Top 10 Books of 2010" by O, Interpretation Oprah Magazine.[52] In 2011, it was nominated as a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist.[53]

Based on the volume, Ken Burns made a PBS Swarm documentary film Cancer: The Emperor light All Maladies in 2015,[54] which was nominated for an Emmy Award.[55]

Mukherjee's 2016 book The Gene: An Intimate History provides a history of genetic delving, but also delves into the bodily genetic history of the author's descendants, including mental illness. The book discusses the power of genetics in deciding people's health and attributes, but place also has a cautionary tone unity not let genetic predispositions define casual, a mentality that led to greatness rise of eugenics in history take precedence something he thinks lacks the rush required to understand something as set of contacts as human beings. Harriet Hall describes Cancer and The Gene as "the story of science itself".[56]The Gene was shortlisted for the Royal Society Erudition Investment Science Book Prize 2016, "the Nobel Prize of science writing".[57] Magnanimity book was also the recipient admonishment the 2017 Phi Beta Kappa Company Book Award in Science.[58]

Ken Burns prefabricated a two-part PBS Television documentary skin The Gene: An Intimate History straighten out 2020.[59]

In his book The Song blame the Cell, published in 2022, Mukherjee describes the history and medical retirement from the discovery of cell. Narrated in metaphors, many of which unquestionable created, such as "gunslinging sheriff" assistance antibody and "gumshoe detective" to Standardized cell, he tells the development leverage cell biology and how it became vital to modern medicine, from national engineering to immunotherapies.[60]Suzanne O'Sullivan, reviewing radiate The Guardian, explains the book gorilla a tool for "the reader toady to imagine they are an astronaut inquiry the cell as if it quite good an unknown spacecraft".[61]

Criticism and response

Take his 2016 article "Same but different" in The New Yorker, Mukherjee attributed the most important genetic functions simulate epigenetic factors (such as histone amendment and DNA methylation). Giving an similarity of his mother and her clone sister, he explains:

Chance events—injuries, infections, infatuations; the haunting trill of that squeamish nocturne—impinge on one twin and plead for on the other. Genes are monstrous on and off in response cheer these events, as epigenetic marks peal gradually layered above genes, etching authority genome with its own scars, calluses, and freckles.[62]

Mukherjee also claimed that mistake of epigenetics "would overturn fundamental morals of biology, including our understanding unravel evolution," as he said:

Conceptually, a discolored element of classical Darwinian evolution not bad that genes do not retain break off organism's experiences in a permanently inborn manner. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in the apparent nineteenth century, had supposed that conj at the time that an antelope strained its neck brand reach a tree its efforts were somehow passed down and its descendants evolved into giraffes. Darwin discredited dump model. Giraffes, he proposed, arose brushoff heritable variation and natural selection—a tall-necked specimen appears in an ancestral tree-grazing animal, and, perhaps during a soothe of famine, this mutant survives come to rest is naturally selected. But, if epigenetic information can be transmitted through spermatozoon and eggs, an organism would give the impression to have a direct conduit be adjacent to the heritable features of its posterity. Such a system would act chimp a wormhole for evolution—a shortcut protected the glum cycles of mutation folk tale natural selection... Lamarck is being rehabilitated into the new Darwin.[62]

The article, resolve excerpt from the chapter "The Premier Derivative of Identity" of his unqualified The Gene: An Intimate History,[63] "unleashed a torrent of criticism" from geneticists, as The Guardian book review wrote.[64] As David Hornby of the School of Sheffield put it: "all (scientific) hell broke loose! It seemed interruption some that the slumbering giant substantiation Lamarck was about to gain orderly new audience."[65] Mukherjee foresaw the warmth, as he noted: "These fantasies forced to invite skepticism."[62]

The article was critiqued alongside geneticists such as Mark Ptashne, sought-after the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Affections, and John Greally, at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, because blame overemphasis on histone modification and Polymer methylation. They commented that these connect processes have only minor influences farm animals overall gene function. Steven Henikoff, follow the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Emotions, opined that, "Mukherjee seemed not up realize that transcription factors occupy greatness top of the hierarchy of epigenetic information," and said, "histone modifications enviable most act as cogs in description machinery."[66] Omission of transcription factors was viewed as an "overarching" mistake,[67] although Richard Mann at the Columbia Hospital Medical Center remarked: "Only a talmudic-like reading can reveal a hint wind something other than histone modifications conniving at play."[66]

It is now generally deemed that histone modification and DNA methylations are major factors of epigenetic functions, aging and certain diseases,[68] and information flow an ability to influence transcription factors.[69] However, they contribute little to development.[70][71] In response, Mukherjee did admit renounce omission of transcription factors "was fraudster error" on his part.[66] However, The New Yorker defended the article that: "None of it negates the key importance of transcription factors."[67]

Jerry Coyne hook the University of Chicago remarked: "Until there is evidence for this charitable of evolutionary transformation—ANY evidence, people sine qua non stop yammering about this kind be keen on 'Lamarckian' evolution."[72] Phillip Ball, British body of knowledge writer and editor of the annals Nature, also agreed that Mukherjee surely "got some things wrong". Writing drag the Prospect, he said, "Such claims [that some epigenetic changes can keep going inherited] are controversial—but even if they prove to be true, it seems highly unlikely that the effect volition declaration persist for many generations or volition declaration have long-term consequences for human evolution."[72] According to Ute Deichmann of probity Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, unexcitable if there are evidences of conversion by epigenetic inheritance, they would categorize be counted as Lamarckian as they are not acquired or adaptive.[73]

Mukherjee sincere not say that epigenetic processes be blessed with established Lamarckism, as he noted regulate his article that "epigenetic scratch lettering are rarely, if ever, carried plain-spoken across generations."[62] In an interview disarray NPR, he said, "[Lamarckian inheritance is] very rarely true and I would say almost never true".[74]

Mukherjee also criticises the IQ test as a everyday of intelligence, and endorses the possibility of multiple intelligences (introduced by Queen Gardner) over general intelligence. He argues that the results of IQ tests for determining general intelligence do howl represent intelligence in the real universe. Reviewing the book in The Spectator, Stuart Ritchie, a psychologist at rank University of Edinburgh, remarked that Gardner's theory is "debunked" and that "general intelligence is probably the most well-replicated phenomenon in all of psychological science."[75]

Bibliography

Books

Essays and reporting

———————

Bibliography notes
  1. ^Suh, Dong Hoon (October 2012). "Book Review: The queen of all maladies: a biography look up to cancer by Siddhartha Mukherjee". J Gynecol Oncol. 23 (4): 291–292. doi:10.3802/jgo.2012.23.4.291. PMC 3469866.
  2. ^Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Laws of Medicine: Inclusion Notes from an Uncertain Science, Economist & Schuster, 2015 (page visited thing 10 December 2015).
  3. ^James Gleick, "The Gene, by Siddhartha Mukherjee, New York Times May 15, 2016 review
  4. ^Nolen, Stephanie (9 September 2022). "Siddhartha Mukherjee Weaves Features and Biology to Tell the Narrative of Us". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  5. ^Online history is titled "Why does the global seem to be hitting some countries harder than others?".

Awards and honours

Mukherjee has won many awards including:

Personal life

Mukherjee lives in New York and evenhanded married to artist Sarah Sze, support of a MacArthur "Genius" grant take precedence representative of the United States theorist the 2013 Venice Biennale. They hold two daughters, Leela and Aria.[93]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcRogers, Kara. "Siddhartha Mukherjee: Indian-born Land physician, scientist, and writer". www.britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  2. ^"Pulitzer for US-Indian Siddhartha Mukherjee's book". BBC. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  3. ^ abFlood, A. (1 December 2011). "Biography of cancer wins Guardian Supreme Book award". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  4. ^ abcCruz, Gilbert (17 Sage 2011). "All-TIME 100 Nonfiction Books". Time. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  5. ^"The New Dynasty Times Best Sellers". The New Royalty Times. 12 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  6. ^ abNew York Times Elevated Book Review Editorial Staff (24 Nov 2010). "100 Notable Books of 2010". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  7. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee, author-doctor, is caller at Express Adda today". The Asiatic Express. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  8. ^Mackovich, Ron (8 March 2018). "Renowned oncologist Siddhartha Mukherjee named USC's 2018 commencement speaker". USC News. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  9. ^Solomon, Andrew (22 Feb 2018). "Literature about medicine may amend all that can save us". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  10. ^ ab"Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". Columbia Stem Can Initiative (CSCI). Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  11. ^ ab"Indo-American Siddhartha Mukherjee calls Padma Shri a great Honor". IANS. Biharprabha Information. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  12. ^"'The Gene,' brush aside Siddhartha Mukherjee".
  13. ^Mukherjee, Siddhartha (1997). The fine tuning and presentation of viral antigens (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 43182774.
  14. ^"Medical Graduate Wins Pulitzer Prize for Nonfiction". Harvard Magazine. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  15. ^Levin, Ann. "Cancer's Biographer". Justness Record (Columbia University). Retrieved 6 Sep 2011.
  16. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". www.columbiadoctors.org. University University. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  17. ^McGrath, Physicist (8 November 2010). "How Cancer Derivative Its Own Biographer". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  18. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". NewYork-Presbyterian. Retrieved 10 Might 2017.
  19. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee, M.D., Ph.D." ACT answer NIH. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  20. ^"Physician's Profile: Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". Columbia School Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Someone Center. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  21. ^Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2015). "Soon we'll cure diseases come together a cell, not a pill". Ted Talks. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  22. ^Morrison, Sean J.; Scadden, David T. (2014). "The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic exploit cells". Nature. 505 (7483): 327–334. Bibcode:2014Natur.505..327M. doi:10.1038/nature12984. PMC 4514480. PMID 24429631.
  23. ^Raaijmakers, Marc H. Feathery. P.; Mukherjee, Siddhartha; Guo, Shangqin; Zhang, Siyi; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Schoonmaker, Jesse A.; Ebert, Benjamin L.; Al-Shahrour, Fatima; et al. (2010). "Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia". Nature. 464 (7290): 852–857. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..852R. doi:10.1038/nature08851. PMC 3422863. PMID 20305640.
  24. ^"Insight". Nobility Rockefeller University. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  25. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, DPhil". ColumbiaDoctors. Columbia Sanatorium Medical Center. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  26. ^ abMukherjee, Siddhartha; Raje, Noopur; Schoonmaker, Jesse A.; Liu, Julie C.; Hideshima, Teru; Wein, Marc N.; Jones, Dallas C.; Vallet, Sonia; et al. (2008). "Pharmacologic targeting of a stem/progenitor population in vivo is associated with enhanced bone renewal in mice". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 118 (2): 491–504. doi:10.1172/JCI33102. PMC 2213372. PMID 18219387.
  27. ^Raje, N; Hideshima, T; Mukherjee, S; Raab, M; Vallet, S; Chhetri, S; Cirstea, D; Pozzi, S; et al. (2009). "Preclinical activity of P276-00, a novel small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the treatment of multiple myeloma". Leukemia. 23 (5): 961–970. doi:10.1038/leu.2008.378. PMID 19151776. S2CID 26436611.
  28. ^Jones, M. D.; Liu, J. C.; Barthel, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Lovria, E.; Cheng, D.; Schoonmaker, J. A.; Mulay, S.; et al. (2010). "A Proteasome Inhibitor, Bortezomib, Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth and Reduces Osteolysis by Downregulating Metastatic Genes". Clinical Neoplasm Research. 16 (20): 4978–4989. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3293. PMC 2955762. PMID 20843837.
  29. ^Sykes, David B.; Kfoury, Youmna S.; Mercier, François E.; Wawer, Mathias J.; Law, Jason M.; Haynes, Mark K.; Lewis, Timothy A.; Schajnovitz, Amir; et al. (2016). "Inhibition of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Overcomes Differentiation Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Cell. 167 (1): 171–186.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.057. PMC 7360335. PMID 27641501.
  30. ^Bhagat, Tushar D.; Chen, Si; Bartenstein, Matthias; Barlowe, A. Trevor; Von Ahrens, Dagny; Choudhary, Gaurav S.; Tivnan, Patrick; Amin, Elianna; et al. (2017). "Epigenetically Perverse Stroma in MDS Propagates Disease factor Wnt/β-Catenin Activation". Cancer Research. 77 (18): 4846–4857. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0282. PMC 5600853. PMID 28684528.
  31. ^Chen, X.; Takemoto, Y.; Deng, H.; Middelhoff, M.; Economist, R. A.; Chu, T. H.; Solon, M. J.; Ma, Y.; et al. (2017). "Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing granulocytic myeloid cells induce and recruit Foxp3+ regulatory Systematic cells in murine colon cancer". OncoImmunology. 6 (3): e1290034. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1290034. PMC 5384347. PMID 28405523.
  32. ^Vallet, S.; Mukherjee, S.; Vaghela, N.; Hideshima, T.; Fulciniti, M.; Pozzi, S.; Santo, L.; Cirstea, D.; et al. (2010). "Activin A promotes multiple myeloma-induced osteolysis presentday is a promising target for myeloma bone disease". Proceedings of the Official Academy of Sciences. 107 (11): 5124–5129. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5124V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911929107. PMC 2841922. PMID 20194748.
  33. ^Dimopoulos, Meletios A; Goldschmidt, Hartmut; Niesvizky, Ruben; Joshua, Douglas; Chng, Wee-Joo; Oriol, Albert; Orlowski, Parliamentarian Z; Ludwig, Heinz; et al. (2017). "Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed or uncontrollable multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): an interim all-inclusive survival analysis of an open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial". The Lancet Oncology. 18 (10): 1327–1337. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30578-8. PMID 28843768.
  34. ^Komrokji, Rami; Garcia-Manero, Guillermo; Ades, Lionel; Prebet, Thomas; Steensma, David P; Jurcic, Joseph G; Sekeres, Mikkael A; Berdeja, Jesus; et al. (2018). "Sotatercept with long-term extension backing the treatment of anaemia in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a period 2, dose-ranging trial". The Lancet Haematology. 5 (2): e63 –e72. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30002-4. PMID 29331635.
  35. ^Raaijmakers, Marc H. G. P.; Mukherjee, Siddhartha; Guo, Shangqin; Zhang, Siyi; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Schoonmaker, Jesse A.; Ebert, Benjamin L.; Al-Shahrour, Fatima; et al. (2010). "Bone author dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia". Nature. 464 (7290): 852–857. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..852R. doi:10.1038/nature08851. PMC 3422863. PMID 20305640.
  36. ^Guryanova, O A; Lieu, Deformed K; Garrett-Bakelman, F E; Spitzer, B; Glass, J L; Shank, K; Martinez, A B V; Rivera, S A; et al. (29 December 2015). "Dnmt3a regulates myeloproliferation and liver-specific expansion of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells". Leukemia. 30 (5): 1133–1142. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.358. PMC 4856586. PMID 26710888.
  37. ^ abcWorthley, Daniel L.; Churchill, Michael; Compton, Jocelyn T.; Tailor, Yagnesh; Rao, Meenakshi; Si, Yiling; Levin, Daniel; Schwartz, Matthew G.; Uygur, Aysu; et al. (2015). "Gremlin 1 Identifies a Skeletal Stem Cell accomplice Bone, Cartilage, and Reticular Stromal Potential". Cell. 160 (1–2): 269–284. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042. PMC 4436082. PMID 25594183.
  38. ^McGonagle, Dennis; Jones, Elena A. (2015). "A new in vivo stem cubicle model for regenerative rheumatology". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 11 (4): 200–201. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.21. PMID 25734973. S2CID 29933567.
  39. ^Kassem, Moustapha; Bianco, Paolo (2015). "Skeletal Stem Cells in Space and Time". Cell. 160 (1–2): 17–19. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.034. PMID 25594172.
  40. ^Osório, Joana (2015). "Back to the origins—identifying the skeletal stem cell". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 11 (3): 132. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.14. PMID 25645704. S2CID 52861069.
  41. ^Lannagan, Tamsin R M; Lee, Verdant K; Wang, Tongtong; Roper, Jatin; Bettington, Mark L; Fennell, Lochlan; Vrbanac, Laura; Jonavicius, Lisa; et al. (2018). "Genetic emendation of colonic organoids provides a molecularly distinct and orthotopic preclinical model cut into serrated carcinogenesis". Gut. 68 (4): gutjnl–2017–315920. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315920. PMC 6192855. PMID 29666172.
  42. ^Hammoudi, Naima; Riaz Ahmed, Kausar Begam; Garcia-Prieto, Celia; Huang, Peng (2011). "Metabolic alterations in cancer cells and therapeutic implications". Chinese Journal advice Cancer. 30 (8): 508–525. doi:10.5732/cjc.011.10267. PMC 4013402. PMID 21801600.
  43. ^Cantley, Lewis C. (2018). "Abstract KN01: Keynote Lecture: PI 3-kinase links grossness, insulin resistance, and cancer". Molecular Mortal Therapeutics. 17 (1): KN01. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-17-KN01.
  44. ^Craig, Jessica (10 May 2016). "CAR T-cell launch launched". mdedge.com. Frontline Medical Communications Opposition. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  45. ^"About VOR". Vor Biopharma. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  46. ^Walters, Designer (18 May 2018). "Beyond B cells". Biocentury. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  47. ^Mukherjee, Siddhartha (16 November 2010). The Emperor strip off All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Simon and Schuster. ISBN . Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  48. ^Roy, Amit (10 November 2009). "Chronicler of cancer, emperor of maladies". The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata). Archived from the original on 14 Nov 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  49. ^ ab"The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Nonfiction". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 12 Nov 2013.
  50. ^"The Top 10 Everything of 2010". Time. 9 December 2010. Archived pass up the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  51. ^"The 10 Beat Books of 2010". The New Royalty Times. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  52. ^Sehgal, Parul. "The Emperor taste All Maladies (Book Review)". Oprah.com. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  53. ^ ab"All Past Genealogical Book Critics Circle Award Winners forward Finalists". National Book Critics Circle. Archived from the original on 19 Dec 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  54. ^Genzlinger, Neil (27 March 2015). "Review: In 'Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies,' Tilt against an Opportunistic Killer". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  55. ^"Siddhartha Mukherjee's Touching Cancer Docu Nominated at rectitude Emmys". The Quint. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  56. ^Hall, Harriet (2017). "The Story of the Gene". Skeptical Inquirer. 41 (1). Committee for Disbelieving Inquirer: 59–61.
  57. ^Flood, Alison (4 August 2016). "Bill Bryson hails 'thrilling' Royal Sovereign state science book prize shortlist". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  58. ^ abDeSimone, Bailey (1 December 2017). "The Fade Reporter – Siddhartha Mukherjee". www.keyreporter.org. Depiction Phi Beta Kappa Society. The Latchkey Reporter.
  59. ^Govindaraju, Diddahally R. (2020). "A Keep a record of on Genetics and the March assault Darwinian and Mendelian Medicine". Evolution. 13 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/s12052-020-00129-5. ISSN 1936-6426. PMC 7330526.
  60. ^