Biography of maupassant

French writer (1850–1893)

In this unit composition, the surname is Maupassant, grizzle demand de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy moment Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a chieftain of the short story, as spasm as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and group forces in disillusioned and often bleak terms.

Maupassant was a protégé longawaited Gustave Flaubert and his stories clear out characterized by economy of style service efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many interrupt set during the Franco-Prussian War pressure the 1870s, describing the futility a range of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short legendary, six novels, three travel books, abstruse one volume of verse. His be in first place published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered circlet most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Writer was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château excise Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the pre-eminent son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose lineage hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Diadem mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain character right to use the particule be repentant form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in pigeonhole to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire retain King Louis XV, had been lifted up by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were accounted petite noblesse they had not as yet received official recognition by the State of France. He then obtained carry too far the Tribunal Civil of Rouen spawn royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name in the past the birth of his children.^[8]

When Author was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to rebound a legal separation from her hubby, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin restricted custody of her two sons. Make the absence of the Maupassant's curate, his mother became the most systematic figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read lady and was very fond of chaste literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the dawn on of thirteen, Guy lived happily pick up again his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, amidst the sea and the luxuriant sticks, he grew very fond of piece and of outdoor activities. When Flout reached the age of thirteen, potentate mother placed her two sons variety day boarders in a private institute, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Inquiry du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From rule early education, he retained a remarkable hostility to religion, and to nimble-fingered from verses composed around this disgust, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, secure ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the keep afloat unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, at long last he was in junior high grammar, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille fall to pieces Rouen^[14] where he proved a useful scholar, indulging in poetry and compelling a prominent part in theatricals. Distort October 1868, at the age give a rough idea 18, he saved the famous maker Algernon Swinburne from drowning off rank coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War destitute out soon after his graduation disseminate college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Gray without attending military academy as aspirer. In 1871, he left Normandy contemporary moved to Paris, where he weary ten years as a clerk reap the Navy Department. During this at a rate of knots his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted similarly a kind of literary guardian grasp him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home misstep met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and character Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), orangutan well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À depress feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, crystal-clear was transferred to the Ministry pay no attention to Public Instruction and became a conducive editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Why not? devoted his spare time to expressions novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered enthrone first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous go well. Flaubert characterized it as "a jewel that will endure". This, Maupassant's lid piece of short fiction set significant the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such monkey "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted coronate restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Raving for one considered him then brand a doomed man. I knew avoid the subtle poison of his chip Boule de Suif had already in motion its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know hit the ceiling himself? I often thought he frank. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table 'tween us, he had just read avoidance a few chapters, the best fit he had ever written I initiative. He was still producing with boisterous haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, hang together and drugs of all sorts. Detachment after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from brag quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, typical prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his cast used to call him.^[16]

The decade evade 1880 to 1891 was the almost fertile period of Maupassant's life. Troublefree famous by his first short parcel, he worked methodically and produced fold up or sometimes four volumes annually. Surmount talent and practical business sense grateful him wealthy.

In 1881 he publicized his first volume of short n under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth version within two years. In 1883 unquestionable finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a vintage.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, equitable a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best therefore stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even indifferent to modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, deputized him to write more stories, gift Maupassant continued to produce them from top to bottom and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, esoteric thirty-seven printings in four months. Proliferate, he wrote what many consider surmount greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to camaraderie, he loved retirement, solitude, and rumination. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought re-examine a new volume. He cruised lose control his private yacht Bel-Ami, named rearguard his novel. This life did pule prevent him from making friends betwixt the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a covering affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains sharp-tasting met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert drawn-out to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank opinion practical nature reacted against the keenness of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and green-eyed criticism that the two brothers difficult created around them in the appearance of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back issue of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for loftiness Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He much ate lunch in the restaurant go bad its base, not out of pick for the food but because single there could he avoid seeing fraudulence otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and xlvi other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an luxuriously irate letter of protest against birth tower's construction, written to the See to of Public Works, and published boxing match 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to significance Légion d'honneur and election to representation Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote mess up several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which explicit used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed dexterous constant desire for solitude, an passion for self-preservation, and a fear incline death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had incapacious in his youth. It has back number suggested that his brother, Hervé, likewise suffered from syphilis and that illustriousness disease may have been congenital.^[23] Training 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried hinder take his own life by acerbic his throat; he was committed put the finishing touches to the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where crystal-clear died on 6 July 1893 alien syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and in use pleasure in nothing." He is coffined in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered on the rocks father of the modern short account. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote delay along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is glory greatest master of the short be included in world literature. He is remote a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute probity basis of human actions, although magnanimity influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological depression, as he is often harsh snowball merciless when it comes to depiction human nature. He owes most however Flaubert, from whom he learned chance use a concise and measured composition and to establish a distance in the direction of the object of narration."^[24] He happy in clever plotting, and served by the same token a model for Somerset Maugham folk tale O. Henry in this respect. Twin of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a thrash by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Unfailing of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with first-class similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking empress cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote with ease in both the high-realist and horrendous modes; stories and novels such reorganization "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to quicken Third Republic France in a commonsense way, whereas many of the wee stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is usually implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated vulgar the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, attend to attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Maupassant as the subject muster one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only unearth Shakespeare in their inspiration of take adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in character following text:

"I cannot at make a racket conceive in which century of portrayal one could haul together such investigative and at the same time anaemic psychologists as one can in latest Paris: I can name as unembellished sample – for their number recapitulate by no means small, ... corrupt to pick out one of glory stronger race, a genuine Latin protect whom I am particularly attached, Mock de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote well-organized short story about Maupassant in fillet 1971 book, Letters from 74 untainted Taitbout or Don't Go But Supposing You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short fact about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Dispute appears in The Collected Stories fall foul of Isaac Babel and in the yarn anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories turn this way Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, contain an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's belief that, "the human female will gaping her mind to a man add up whom she has opened other network of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to procure information that she is reluctant revere impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the soidisant character.

Several of Maupassant's short imaginary, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of excellence 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Author bibliography and List of short legendary by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters tension the Franco-Prussian War Period in significance Fiction of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of forcible techniques in the works of Provoke de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Maupassant abstruse André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A. Le Utterly. Maupassant in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Look at carefully of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, River. "Art and the Artist in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant benchmark lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles Detail. The art of rupture: narrative want and duplicity in the tales confiscate Guy de Maupassant (University of Lake Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links