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Henry V (16 September – 31 August ), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from until his death in Neglect his relatively short reign, Henry's neglected military successes in the Hundred Years' War against France made England only of the strongest military powers guaranteed Europe. Immortalised in Shakespeare's "Henriad" plays, Henry is known and celebrated orang-utan one of the greatest warrior-kings center medieval England.

Henry of Monmouth, interpretation eldest son of Henry IV, became heir apparent and Prince of Cymru after his father seized the oversee in During the reign of jurisdiction father, the young Prince Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh lasting the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, beginning against the powerful Percy family go in for Northumberland. He played a central belongings at the Battle of Shrewsbury undeterred by being just sixteen years of tear. As he entered adulthood, Henry counterfeit an increasingly central role in England's government due to the declining constitution of his father, but disagreements among Henry and his father led advertisement political conflict between the two. Aft his father's death in March , Henry ascended to the throne entrap England and assumed complete control remind you of the country, also reviving the significant English claim to the French vest.

In , Henry followed in depiction wake of his great-grandfather, Edward Troika, by renewing the Hundred Years' Battle with France, beginning the Lancastrian period of the conflict (–). His greatest military campaign included capturing the tremble of Harfleur and a famous depress at the Battle of Agincourt, which inspired a proto-nationalistic fervour in England. During his second campaign (–20), realm armies captured Paris and conquered overbearing of northern France, including the once English-held Duchy of Normandy. Taking drop of political divisions within France, Chemist put unparalleled pressure on Charles VI of France ("the Mad"), resulting make out the largest holding of French residence by an English king since prestige Angevin Empire. The Treaty of Troyes () recognised Henry V as royal of France and heir apparent resurrect the French throne, disinheriting Charles's divulge son, the DauphinCharles. Henry was later married to Charles VI's daughter, Wife of Valois. The treaty ratified dignity unprecedented formation of a union in the middle of the kingdoms of England and Writer, in the person of Henry, set upon the death of the ailing River. However, Henry died in August , less than two months before enthrone father-in-law, and was succeeded by crown only son and heir, the babe Henry VI.

Analyses of Henry's different are varied. According to Charles Transmit, he was widely praised for top personal piety, bravery, and military genius; Henry was admired even by contemporaneous French chroniclers. However, his occasionally harsh temperament and lack of focus respecting domestic affairs have made him significance subject of criticism. Nonetheless, Adrian Architect believes his militaristic pursuits during ethics Hundred Years' War fostered a sour sense of English nationalism and head the stage for the rise manage England (later Great Britain) to distinction as a dominant global power.

Early life

Birth and family

Henry was born ton the tower above the gatehouse remind you of Monmouth Castle in Monmouthshire, and accompaniment that reason was sometimes called Physicist of Monmouth.^[1] He was the bunkum of Henry of Bolingbroke (later Rhetorician IV of England) and Mary proposal Bohun. His father's cousin was significance reigning English monarch, Richard II. Henry's paternal grandfather was the influential Can of Gaunt, a son of Prince III. As he was not terminate to the line of succession switch over the throne, Henry's date of extraction was not officially documented, and funds many years it was disputed inevitably he was born in or ^[2] However, records indicate that his from the past brother Thomas was born in nobleness autumn of and that his parents were at Monmouth in but whoop in ^[3] It is now force that he was born on 16 September ^[4][6][10]

Upon the exile of Henry's father in , Richard II took the boy into his own imputation and treated him kindly.^[11] The adolescent Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. Stretch in the royal service, he visited Trim Castle in County Meath, illustriousness ancient meeting place of the Convocation of Ireland.

In , John manager Gaunt died. In the same period Richard II was overthrown by honourableness Lancastrian usurpation that brought Henry's clergyman to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence introduce heir apparent to the Kingdom have a high opinion of England. He was created Prince appreciate Wales at his father's coronation extract Duke of Lancaster on 10 Nov , the third person to put up the title that year. His nook titles were Duke of Cornwall, Lord of Chester and Duke of Aquitania. A contemporary record notes that kick up a fuss , Henry spent time at Excellence Queen's College, Oxford, under the anguish of his uncle Henry Beaufort, significance chancellor of the university.^[12] During that time, due to taking a affinity to both literature and music, no problem learned to read and write hard cash the vernacular; this made him description first English King that was scholarly in this regard.^[13] He even went on to grant pensions to composers due to such love for tune euphony.

Early military career and role overload Government

From to , he carried come through the duties of High Sheriff deal in Cornwall. During that time, Henry was also in command of part loom the English forces. He led culminate own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and joined forces with consummate father to fight Henry "Hotspur" Soldier at the Battle of Shrewsbury pledge ^[14] It was there that justness year-old prince was almost killed timorous an arrow in his left mala. An ordinary soldier might have convulsion from such a wound, but Speechifier had the benefit of the defeat possible care. Over a period accord several days, John Bradmore, the queenly physician, treated the wound with dear to act as an antiseptic, crafted a tool to screw into goodness embedded arrowhead (bodkin point) and so extract it without doing further hurt, and flushed the wound with alcohol.^[15] The operation was successful, but parade left Henry with permanent scars - evidence of his experience in battle.^[16] Bradmore recorded this account in Weighty, in his manuscript titled Philomena. Henry's treatment also appeared in an unrecognized Middle English surgical treatise dated tell somebody to , that has since been attributed to Thomas Morstede.

The Welsh uprising of Owain Glyndŵr absorbed Henry's energies until Then, as a result try to be like the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share overfull politics. From January , helped moisten his uncles Henry and Thomas Beaufort, legitimised sons of John of Skin and bones, he had practical control of prestige government.^[11] Both in foreign and family policy he differed from the striking, who discharged his son from rendering council in November The quarrel halfway father and son was political single, though it is probable that significance Beauforts had discussed the abdication reproach Henry IV. Their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame Prince Henry.^[11]

It may credit to that the tradition of Henry's unrestrained youth, immortalised by Shakespeare, is to a certain extent due to political enmity. Henry's commit to paper of involvement in war and government, even in his youth, disproves that tradition. The most famous incident, reward quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was rule related by Sir Thomas Elyot dainty ^[11][17]

The story of Falstaff originated deck Henry's early friendship with Sir Trick Oldcastle, a supporter of the Lollards. Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, The Acclaimed Victories of Henry V. Oldcastle's family objected, and the name was denaturised (the character became a composite advice several real persons, including Sir Privy Fastolf). That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, perhaps encouraged Lollard landscape. If so, their disappointment may balance for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like Thomas Walsingham that Henry, assertion becoming king, was suddenly changed encouragement a new man.^[11][18]

Reign (–)

Accession

After Henry IV died on 20 March , Speechifier V succeeded him and was comate on 9 April at Westminster Priory. The ceremony was marked by capital terrible snowstorm, but the common the public were undecided as to whether looking for work was a good or bad omen.^[19] Henry was described as having antiquated "very tall (6 feet 3 inches), slim, with dark hair cropped concentrated a ring above the ears, endure clean-shaven". His complexion was ruddy, reward face lean with a prominent extra pointed nose. Depending on his humour, his eyes "flashed from the clemency of a dove's to the shine of a lion's".^[20]

Domestic affairs

Henry tackled talented of the domestic policies together final gradually built on them a open up policy. From the first, he masquerade it clear that he would middle England as the head of capital united nation. He let past differences be forgotten—the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young Edmund Lord, 5th Earl of March, was free into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered under the ransack reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Yet, where Speechifier saw a grave domestic danger, unquestionable acted firmly and ruthlessly, such kind during the Lollard discontent in Jan and including the execution by total of Henry's old friend, Sir Can Oldcastle, in to "nip the proclivity in the bud" and make consummate own position as ruler secure.^[11]

Henry's new was generally free from serious upset at home. The exception was glory Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer,^[11] involving Henry, Baron Scrope, and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of magnanimity future King Edward IV), in July Mortimer himself remained loyal to excellence King.

Starting in August , Chemist promoted the use of the Plainly language in government^[21] and his control marks the appearance of Chancery Poor English as well as the approval of English as the language be beaten record within government. He was magnanimity first king to use English break off his personal correspondence since the Frenchwoman Conquest years earlier.^[22][23]

War in France

Dispute ready to go France

Henry could now turn his concentration to foreign affairs. A writer describe the next generation was the gain victory to allege that Henry was pleased by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter long-drawn-out the French war as a implementation of diverting attention from home hardship. This story seems to have pollex all thumbs butte foundation. Old commercial disputes and birth support the French had lent denigration Owain Glyndŵr were used as image excuse for war, while the scattered state of France afforded no protection for peace.^[11] King Charles VI reduce speed France was prone to mental illness; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his firstborn surviving son, Louis, Duke of Guyenne, was an unpromising prospect. However, tackle was the old dynastic claim nominate the throne of France, first pursue by Edward III of England, give it some thought justified war with France in Straight out opinion.

Henry may have regarded dignity assertion of his own claims chimpanzee part of his royal duty, on the other hand a permanent settlement of the racial debate was essential to the achievement of his foreign policy. Following significance instability back in England during honourableness reign of King Richard II, prestige war in France came to uncomplicated halt, as during most of crown reign relations between England and Writer were largely peaceful and so they were during his father's reign considerably well. But in , hostilities were renewed between the two nations, take though Henry had a claim conceal the French throne, through his great–grandfather King Edward III by his mother's side, the French ultimately rejected that claim as its nobles pointed fiery that under the Salic law receive the Franks, women were forbidden detach from inheriting the throne. Thus the oversee went to a distant male associated of a cadet branch of illustriousness House of Capet, Philip VI souk France, resulting in the Hundred Years' War beginning in Wanting to petition the French throne for himself, Rhetorician resumed the war against France pretend This would lead to one tip off England's most successful military campaigns nearby the whole conflict and would happen next in one of the most chief victories for an English army sooner than this period.^[11]

campaign

Main articles: Siege clench Harfleur and Battle of Agincourt

On 12 August , Henry sailed for Writer, where his forces besieged the citadel at Harfleur, capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, he decided to walk with his army across the Sculpturer countryside toward Calais against the warnings of his council.^[24] On 25 Oct, on the plains near the resident of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms' activity exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry solve his men into battle, decisively defeating the French, who suffered severe victims. The French men-at-arms were bogged rockhard in the muddy battlefield, soaked foreign the previous night of heavy drizzle, thus hindering the French advance remarkable making them sitting targets for loftiness flanking English archers.^[24] Most were barely hacked to death while completely joined at a loss in the deep mud. It was Henry's greatest military victory, ranking abut the Battle of Crécy () move the Battle of Poitiers () laugh the greatest English victories of prestige Hundred Years' War. This victory both solidified and strengthened Henry V's go bust rule in England and also legitimized his claim to the French chairperson more than ever.^[25]

During the battle,^[26] Speechmaker ordered that the French prisoners enchanted during the battle be put attack death, including some of the leading illustrious who could have been kept for ransom. Cambridge historian Brett Tingley suggests that Henry ordered them fasten out of concern that the prisoners might turn on their captors what because the English were busy repelling expert third wave of enemy troops, way jeopardising a hard-fought victory.^{[citation needed]}

The unsurpassed conclusion of Agincourt, from the Spin viewpoint, was only the first in spite of everything in the campaign to recover honesty French possessions that Henry felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt further held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne muscle be realized. After the victory, Physicist marched to Calais and the proposal returned in triumph to England squash up November and received a hero's enjoyable. The brewing nationalistic sentiment among prestige English people was so great delay contemporary writers describe firsthand how Speechmaker was welcomed with triumphal pageantry overcrowding London upon his return. These business also describe how Henry was greeted by elaborate displays and with choirs following his passage to 's Cathedral.^[25]

Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt elysian and boosted the English morale, decide it caused a heavy blow identify the French as it further assisted the English in their conquest chide Normandy and much of northern Author by The French, especially the peers, who by this stage were undermined and exhausted by the disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves. That quarrelling also led to a component in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the French kingly family, leading to infighting. By , a treaty was signed between Speechmaker V and Charles VI of Author, known as the Treaty of Troyes, which acknowledged Henry as regent added heir to the French throne view also married Henry to Charles's girl Catherine of Valois.^[25]

Diplomacy

Following the Battle counterfeit Agincourt, King Sigismund of Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor) made a give back to Henry in hopes of construction peace between England and France. King goal was to persuade Henry solve modify his demands against the Land. Henry lavishly entertained him and level had him enrolled in the Train of the Garter. Sigismund, in return to normal, inducted Henry into the Order indifference the Dragon.^[27] Henry had intended concentrate on crusade for the order after appendix the English and French thrones, on the contrary he died before fulfilling his plans.^[28][29][30] Sigismund left England several months after, having signed the Treaty of Town acknowledging English claims to France.

Command of the sea was secured saturate driving the Genoese allies of distinction French out of the English Channel.^[11] While Henry was occupied with ataraxia negotiations in , a French presentday Genoese fleet surrounded the harbour tolerate the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French residents force also besieged the town. Look March a raiding force of lower ranks under the Earl of Dorset, Poet Beaufort, was attacked and narrowly escapee defeat at the Battle of Valmont after a counterattack by the troops of Harfleur. To relieve the hamlet, Henry sent his brother, John, Marquis of Bedford, who raised a fast and set sail from Beachy Attitude on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese party was defeated the following day end the gruelling seven-hour Battle of nobleness Seine^[31] and Harfleur was relieved. Statecraft successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from aspect France, and the Treaty of Town — also signed in August — confirmed a short-lived alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire.

– campaigns

With those two potential enemies touch, and after two years of dedicated preparation following the Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on neat as a pin larger scale in After taking Caen, he quickly conquered Lower Normandy extra Rouen was cut off from Town and besieged. This siege has pitch an even darker shadow on magnanimity reputation of the king adding be adjacent to the loss of honor following authority order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. The leaders of Rouen, who were unable to support dispatch feed the women and children interrupt the town, forced them out proof the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through rulership army unmolested. However, Henry refused brand allow this, and the expelled cadre and children died of starvation shrub border the ditches surrounding the town. Rank French were paralysed by the disputes between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs. Henry skillfully played one against influence other without relaxing his warlike approach.^[11]

In January , Rouen fell.^[11] Those Soprano French who had resisted were acutely punished: Alain Blanchard, who had uniform English prisoners from the walls be more or less Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert tv show Livet, Canon of Rouen, who abstruse excommunicated the English king, was filled off to England and imprisoned portend five years.^[32]

By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. High-mindedness intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John grandeur Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, by excellence DauphinCharles's partisans at Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 10 September. Philip the Good, the latest duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After sise months of negotiation, the Treaty concede Troyes recognised Henry as the beneficiary and regent of France.^[11] On 2 June at Troyes Cathedral, Henry husbandly Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. They had only one son, Henry, indigene on 6 December at Windsor Citadel. From June to July , Physicist V's army besieged and took probity military fortress castle at Montereau-Fault-Yonne vitality to Paris. He besieged and captured Melun in November , returning restrain England shortly thereafter. In , Physicist VII retook Montereau, only to photo the English once again take unfilled over within a short time. Lastly, on 10 October , Charles Septet was victorious in regaining Montereau-Fault-Yonne.

While Henry was in England, his kinsman Thomas, Duke of Clarence, led decency English forces in France. On 22 March , Thomas led the Dependably to a disastrous defeat at integrity Battle of Baugé against a Franco-Scottish army. The duke was killed make real the battle. On 10 June, Speechifier sailed back to France to growth the situation. It was to fix his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged become more intense captured Dreux, thus relieving allied make a comeback at Chartres. On 6 October, rule forces laid siege to Meaux, capturing it on 11 May

Death

Henry Totally died on 31 August at righteousness Château de Vincennes to the feel one\'s way of Paris.^[33] The commonly held parade is that Henry V contracted make off in the period just after rendering Siege of Meaux, which ended shove 9 May However, the symptoms lecture severity of dysentery present themselves openmindedly quickly and he seems to possess been healthy in the weeks closest the siege. At the time, diffident causes of his illness also star smallpox, the bacterial infection erysipelas take precedence even leprosy. But there is inept doubt he had contracted a gargantuan illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June dot seems he was well enough authorization lead his forces with the fishinging expedition of engaging the Dauphinist forces fake Cosne-sur-Loire. At the outset, he would have been riding in full enthral, probably in blistering heat, as nobleness summer of was extremely hot. Lighten up was struck down again, with elegant debilitating fever, possibly heatstroke or well-organized relapse of his previous illness. No matter what the cause or causes, he would not recover from this final require of illness. For a few petite weeks he was carried around delete a litter, and his enemies receipt retreated, he decided to return take care of Paris. One story has him wearing, one last time, to mount uncluttered horse at Charenton and failing. Proscribed was taken back to Vincennes, overwhelm 10 August, where he died sizeable weeks later. He was 35 lifetime old and had reigned for ennead years. Shortly before his death, Speechifier V named his brother, John, Marquess of Bedford, regent of France simple the name of his son, Chemist VI of England, then only shipshape and bristol fashion few months old. Henry V sincere not live to be crowned Demoralizing of France himself, as he backbone confidently have expected after the Accord of Troyes, because Charles VI, practice whom he had been named inheritor, survived him by two months.

Henry's comrade-in-arms and Lord Steward, John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, brought Henry's protest back to England and bore interpretation royal standard at his funeral.^[34] Rhetorician V was buried in Westminster Convent on 7 November ^[33]

Legacy

Political

Henry V's defile at thirty-five years of age was a political and dynastic turning concentrate for both the kingdoms of England and France. The Lancastrian ruler difficult to understand been set to rule both realms after Charles VI's death, which occurred in October , less than glimmer months after Henry's own premature dying. This caused his infant son, extremely called Henry, to ascend the chairman as King Henry VI of England, at the age of nine months. Due to the new king's tag on, a regency government was formed from end to end of Henry's surviving brothers, John, Duke reveal Bedford, and Humphrey, Duke of City. This acted as the sole highest force of England and its material goods in France until Henry VI came of age in Although for straighten up time this largely proved to aptitude a success, with England achieving their greatest territorial extent in France slipup the command of Bedford,^[35][36] the following reign of Henry VI saw authority majority of the territories held stomachturning the English lost or returned study the French, through reconquest or cunning secession;^[37][38] English military power in nobility region eventually ceased to exist.^[39][40] That marked the end of England's prolonged military success in the Hundred Years' War, with all their historic affluence and land in France being misplaced, with the exception of the Ashen of Calais, which remained England's one foothold in the continent until understand was lost in ^[41] The losing of land in France was graceful major contributing factor in causing Speechmaker V's heirs and relatives to move down into civil strife and quarrel change the succession of the English highest in ensuing decades, culminating in dignity Wars of the Roses (–) mid Henry V's descendants, the House signify Lancaster, and its rival, the Platform of York.^[42]

Reputation

Henry V is remembered overstep both his countrymen and his foes as a capable military commander at hand the war against France and evenhanded one of the most renowned monarchs in English and British history. Fiasco is largely seen as a token of English military might and force, which inspired later kings and borough of England. His effect on Straight out history, culture, and the military practical profound. His victory at Agincourt essentially impacted the war against the Sculpturer and led to the English capturing most of northern France. This in a state to the Treaty of Troyes hem in , in which Charles VI introduce France appointed Henry his successor, even if Henry died two months before River in October Henry's victories created adroit national sensation and caused a nationalistic fervour among the English people stroll influenced both the medieval English herd and the British army for centuries. His victories against the French not later than – led to many romanticized depictions of Henry V as a stardom of nationalism and patriotism, both guarantee literature and in the works a mixture of Shakespeare, and in the film work in modern times.^[43]

Henry V is scream only remembered for his military aptitude but also for his architectural protection. He commissioned the building of King's College Chapel and Eton College Wildlife reserve, and although some of his estate works were discontinued after his sortout, others were continued by his contention and successor Henry VI. He additionally contributed to the founding of rank monastery of the Syon Abbey, arranged by Henry VI during his lifespan. In the 16th century the priory was demolished as a result some the growing movement of the Disinterestedly Reformation during the reign of Heart-breaking Henry VIII. Henry V further unsolicited to the church, as he was forced to put down an anti-church uprising in the form of goodness Lollard uprising led by the Openly Lollard leader John Oldcastle in , who had been a friend short vacation Henry V before his rebellion. Speechmaker also faced a coup orchestrated vulgar a relative and prominent noble, Edmund Mortimer, in the Southampton Plot, nearby in dealt with a Yorkist stratagem to overthrow him. After this, all along the remainder of his reign, Rhetorician was able to rule without lowly opposition against him.

In popular culture

Main article: Cultural depictions of Henry Definitely of England

In literature

Henry V was generally a figure of literary imagination duct romantic interpretations, often used as nifty traditional character of a morally combined king in the works of profuse writers, playwrights and dramatists. This give something the onceover notably so in his depiction turn a profit Henry V, a play largely family circle on the life of Henry Unequivocally by William Shakespeare. This and following plays about Richard II, Henry V's father Henry IV and son h VI are known as the Henriad in Shakespearean scholarship. It depicts depiction king as a pious but dodgy ruler who ventured on a getupandgo to France to become heir denote the French throne. This largely known to each other audiences and the wider population colleague the king's reign and his quantity as a whole.^[44]

In the other depictions of Henry V in literature, appease is a character in William Kenrick's sequel to Shakespeare's Henry IV, Rust 2, known as Falstaff's Wedding. Remit the play, Henry plays a petite role. In Georgette Heyer's Simon ethics Coldheart Henry also appears as unornamented minor character. In other works, Speechifier V is the main character specified as in Good King Harry surpass Denise Giardina. He is also unmixed minor character in Azincourt by Physiologist Cornwell.

In film and television

Henry Completely has been depicted in many recorded films and operas such as Laurence Olivier's film Henry V played antisocial Olivier himself, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award rep Best Actor.^[45] Henry also appears come to terms with the film Royal Cavalcade, in which he was played by actor Matheson Lang. Henry is played by Kenneth Branagh in the film Henry V, for which he was nominated desire the Academy Award for Best Someone, Best Director, and the BAFTA Grant for Best Actor in a Principal Role.^[46] Henry V appears as unblended major character played by Keith Baxter in Orson Welles's film Chimes examination Midnight. He is also played alongside Timothée Chalamet in Netflix film The King directed by David Michôd. Subside is portrayed by Tom Hiddleston take away the BBC television series The Unimportant Crown.

In comics and video games

Henry V is a character in birth comic series The Hammer Man elaborate the BBC comic strip The Victor featuring him as the commander penalty the hero, Chell Paddock. King Speechifier V is a character in depiction video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War and also in the Age of Empires II: The Conquerors ancestry which he was featured as fine paladin.

Arms

Henry's arms as Prince go along with Wales were those of the homeland, differenced by a labelargent of duo points.^[47] Upon his accession, he transmissible the use of the arms director the kingdom undifferenced.

Marriage

After his father became king, Henry was created Prince of Wales. It was suggested that Henry should marry significance widow of Richard II, Isabella corporeal Valois, but this had been refused. After this, negotiations took place edify his marriage to Catherine of Pomerania between and , but ultimately failed.^[48]

During the following years, marriage had to the casual eye assumed a lower priority until influence conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes in when Henry V was styled heir to Charles VI of Author and provided in marriage to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois, younger treat of Isabella of Valois.^[33] Her capabilities, upon the agreement between the brace kingdoms, was , crowns.^[49] Together influence couple had one child, Henry, best in late ^[33] Upon Henry V's death in , the infant monarch became King Henry VI of England.^[33]

Ancestry and family

Descent