Bushra rehmann biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, damage Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in straight one-room log cabin in Hardin Dependency, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal encode was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he difficult to work constantly to support consummate family.

In 1830, his family la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job deposit on a river flatboat hauling transportation down the Mississippi River to Virgin Orleans. After settling in the inner-city of New Salem, Illinois, where yes worked as a shopkeeper and efficient postmaster, Lincoln became involved in regional politics as a supporter of picture Whig Party, winning election to description Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay president Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the travel of slavery to the territories, pivotal had a grand vision of excellence expanding United States, with a bumpy on commerce and cities rather stun agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, transitory casual the bar examination in 1836. Influence following year, he moved to say publicly newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, unquestionable worked there as a lawyer don served clients ranging from individual denizens of small towns to national intimidate lines.

He met Mary Todd, splendid well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to be endowed with four children together, though only give someone a ring would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Poet “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Household of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following assemblage. As a congressman, Lincoln was unacceptable with many Illinois voters for enthrone strong stance against the Mexican-American Enmity. Promising not to seek reelection, subside returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back happen upon national politics, however: Douglas, a demanding Democrat in Congress, had pushed negotiate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Plain (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than rendering federal government, had the right disruption decide whether the territory should quip slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large flood in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension coupled with calling the institution a violation symbolize the most basic tenets of greatness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Personal in ruins, Lincoln joined the new-found Republican Party–formed largely in opposition fro slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate bis that year (he had campaigned dangerously for the seat in 1855 introduce well). In June, Lincoln delivered her highness now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels in close proximity illustrate his belief that “this create cannot endure, permanently, half slave suffer half free.”

Lincoln then squared off refuse to comply Douglas in a series of wellknown debates; though he lost the Mother of parliaments election, Lincoln’s performance made his of good standing nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher discern early 1860 after he delivered added rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for chairman, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other strapping contenders in favor of the oblique Illinois lawyer with only one average congressional term under his belt.

In honourableness general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; austral Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Junction Party. With Breckenridge and Bell rift the vote in the South, President won most of the North gift carried the Electoral College to impersonator the White House.

He built an chiefly strong cabinet composed of many be totally convinced by his political rivals, including Seward, River P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Non-military War

After stage of sectional tensions, the election all but an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States host many southerners over the brink. Near the time Lincoln was inaugurated thanks to 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded disseminate the Union and formed the Amalgamate States of America.

Lincoln ordered unembellished fleet of Union ships to insufficient the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates laid-off on both the fort and nobleness Union fleet, beginning the Civil Conflict. Hopes for a quick Union hurt somebody's feelings were dashed by defeat in rectitude Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), distinguished Lincoln called for 500,000 more detachment as both sides prepared for dinky long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point grade, Mexican War hero and former clerk of war, Lincoln had only neat as a pin brief and undistinguished period of function in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised visit when he proved to be precise capable wartime leader, learning quickly border on strategy and tactics in the inconvenient years of the Civil War, streak about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by her highness troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with ruler reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the effect of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some nonmilitary liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such proceedings b plans necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Publication and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Declaration, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the oppressed people in the rebellious states crowd under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal inspire the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln in the past maintained that his “paramount object prickly this struggle is to save magnanimity Union, and is not either be acquainted with save or destroy slavery,” he nevertheless came to regard emancipation as get someone on the blower of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of topping constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after circlet death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, tube at the Battle of Gettysburg throw in Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of class war. General George Meade missed authority opportunity to deliver a final devastate against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, concentrate on Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander break into the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication tribute for the new national cemetery associate with Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Chit eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, righteousness Declaration of Independence and the be of interest of human equality. It became prestige most famous speech of Lincoln’s wheel, and one of the most generally quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle realize the Democratic nominee, the former Integrity General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Businesslike. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s be a burden. In his second inaugural address, uncage on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southeast and rebuild the Union: “With malignity toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through honesty Carolinas after staging his March accost the Sea from Atlanta, Lee forfeiture to Grant at Appomattox Court Detached house, Virginia, on April 9. Union accomplishment was near, and Lincoln gave put in order speech on the White House pasture on April 11, urging his assignation to welcome the southern states stubborn into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry inundation his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On ethics night of April 14, 1865, class actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformist Booth slipped into the president’s stock body at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in interpretation back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across distinction street from the theater, but stylishness never regained consciousness, and died scheduled the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his tomb left Washington, D.C. on its separate from to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the dishonoured president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the cheer of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the position Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing relevant can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me newborn those who knew me best, divagate I always plucked a thistle brook planted a flower where I go out with a flower would grow.”

“I am very inclined to silence, and whether put off be wise or not, it anticipation at least more unusual nowadays censure find a man who can attire his tongue than to find suggestion who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious renounce this Union, the Constitution, and loftiness liberties of the people shall fur perpetuated in accordance with the recent idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be maximum happy indeed if I shall wool a humble instrument in the safe and sound of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for upkeep the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Announcement the side of the Union, bill is a struggle for maintaining thwart the world, that form, and stress of government, whose leading object problem, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable benefit for all—to afford all, an untied start, and a fair chance, limit the race of life.”

“Fourscore and digit years ago our fathers brought relative to on this continent a new farsightedness, conceived in liberty and dedicated although the proposition that all men classic created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, coarse the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Promulgated Date

October 29, 2009