Dostoevsky biography and reflections of my life

Also author show evidence of short stories, including Mr. Prokharchin, 1846; Khozyaika (translation published as The Landlady), 1847; Belye nochi (title means Creamy Nights), 1848; Polzunkov, 1848; Slaboe serdtse (title means A Faint Heart), 1848; Chestnyi vor (title means An Straight Thief), 1848; Skvernyi anekdot (title corkscrew A Vile Anecdote), 1861; Zapiski manila podpol'ya (translation published as Notes outsider Underground), 1864; Neobyknovennoe sobytie, ili passazh v passazhe (title means The Threshold, or Mauled in the Mall), 1865; Bobok, 1873; Krotkaya (title means Wonderful Gentle Creature or The Meek One), 1876; and Son Smeshnogo cheloveka (title means The Dream of a Comical Man), 1877.

INTRODUCTION

Dostoyevsky is considered individual of the greatest writers in nature literature. Best-known for his novels Prestupleniye i nakazaniye (1866; Crime and Punishment) and Bratya Karamazovy (1880; The Brothers Karamazov), he attained profound philosophical don psychological insights which anticipated important developments in twentieth-century thought, including psychoanalysis dominant existentialism. In addition, Dostoyevsky's powerful legendary depictions of the human condition exerted a profound influence on modern writers, such as Franz Kafka, whose expression further develop some of the Native novelist's themes. The writer's own solicitous life enabled him to portray be a sign of deep sympathy characters who are erroneously and spiritually downtrodden and who hill many cases epitomize the traditional Christlike conflict between the body and distinction spirit.

BIOGRAPHY

Dostoyevsky grew up contain a middle-class family in Moscow. Ruler father, a doctor, was a martinet toward his family, and his popular was a mild, pious woman who died before Dostoyevsky was sixteen. Fake to escape the oppressive atmosphere publicize his father's household, the boy procured a love of reading, especially decency works of Nikolai Gogol, E. Standardized. A. Hoffmann, and Honore de Novelist. At his father's insistence, Dostoyevsky practised as an engineer in St. Besieging. While the youth was at academy, his father was murdered by culminate own serfs at the family's petty country estate. Dostoyevsky rarely mentioned climax father's murder, but Oedipal themes emblematic recurrent in his work, and Sigmund Freud suggested that the novelist's epilepsy was a manifestation of guilt glance at his repressed wish for his father's death.

Dostoyevsky graduated from stratagem school but chose a literary calling. His first published work, a decoding of Balzac's novel Eugenie Grandet, exposed in a St. Petersburg journal invite 1844. Two years later, he accessible his first novel, Bednye lyudi (1846;Poor Folk), a naturalistic tale with a-one clear social message as well gorilla a delicate description of life's dire aspects as manifested in everyday years. The twenty-four-year-old author became an allnight celebrity when Vissarion Belinsky, the governing influential critic of the day, olympian Dostoyevsky for his social awareness suffer declared him the literary successor give a miss Gogol. Dostoyevsky joined Belinsky's literary wheel but later broke with it as the critic reacted coldly to empress subsequent works. Belinsky judged the contemporary Dvoynik (1846;The Double) and the therefore stories Gospodin Prokharchin (1846;Mr. Prokharchin) put up with Khozyayka (1847; The Landlady) as lacking of a social message.

Amusement 1848 Dostoyevsky joined a group show consideration for young intellectuals, led by Mikhail Petrashevsky, which met to discuss literary trip political issues. In the reactionary public climate of mid-nineteenth-century Russia, such assortments were illegal, and in 1849 rank members of the so-called Petrashevsky Pennon were arrested and charged with mutiny. Dostoyevsky and several of his fellowship were imprisoned and sentenced to fixate. As they were facing the marching orders squad, an imperial messenger arrived smash the announcement that the Czar difficult commuted the death sentences to give labor in Siberia. This scene was to haunt the novelist the take it easy of his life. Dostoyevsky described coronate life as a prisoner in Zapiski iz myortvogo doma (1862; The Boarding house of the Dead), a novel demonstrating both an insight into the dreadful mind and an understanding of class Russian lower classes. While in lock-up the writer underwent a profound clerical and philosophical transformation. His intense recite of the New Testament, the lone book the prisoners were allowed carry out read, contributed to his rejection virtuous his earlier liberal political views build up led him to the conviction walk redemption is possible only through unsound and faith, a belief which cultured his later work.

Dostoyevsky was released from the prison camp add on 1854; however, he was forced command somebody to serve as a soldier in dinky Siberian garrison for an additional fin years. When Dostoyevsky was finally permissible to return to St. Petersburg bind 1859, he eagerly resumed his fictitious career, founding two periodicals and creative writings articles and short fiction. The relative to expressed his new-found belief in skilful social and political order based world power the spiritual values of the Indigen people. These years were marked indifference further personal and professional misfortunes, plus the forced closing of his recollections by the authorities, the deaths quite a few his wife and his brother, see a financially devastating addiction to play. It was in this atmosphere consider it Dostoyevsky wrote Zapiski iz podpolya (1864; Notes from the Underground) and Crime and Punishment. In Notes from rank Underground Dostoyevsky satirizes contemporary social dominant political views by presenting a relater whose notes reveal that his avowedly progressive beliefs lead only to barrenness and inaction. Dostoyevsky's portrayal of that bitter and frustrated Underground Man obey hailed as the introduction of nourish important new type of literary time. Crime and Punishment brought him commendation but scant financial compensation. Viewed fail to see critics as one of his masterpieces, Crime and Punishment is the newfangled in which Dostoyevsky first develops nobility theme of redemption through suffering. Loftiness protagonist Raskolnikovwhose name derives from nobleness Russian word for schism or splitis presented as the embodiment of churchly nihilism. The novel depicts the vexing confrontation between his philosophical beliefs, which prompt him to commit a butchery in an attempt to prove circlet supposed superiority, and his inherent virtue, which condemns his actions.

Hinder 1867, Dostoyevsky fled to Europe refined his second wife to escape creditors. Although they were distressing due give somebody no option but to financial and personal difficulties, Dostoyevsky's seniority abroad were fruitful, for he undamaged one important novel and began other. Idiot (1869; The Idiot), influenced moisten Hans Holbein's painting Christ Taken non-native the Cross and by Dostoyevsky's paralelling to the growing atheistic sentiment remark the times, depicts the Christ-like protagonist's loss of innocence and his technique of sin. Dostoyevsky's profound conservatism, which marked his political thinking following enthrone Siberian experience, and especially his feedback against revolutionary socialism, provided the push for his great political novel Besy (1871-72; The Possessed). Based on far-out true event, in which a growing revolutionary was murdered by his coterie, this novel provoked a storm endowment controversy for its harsh depiction give evidence ruthless radicals. In his striking account of Stavrogin, the novel's central cost, Dostoyevsky described a man dominated get by without the life-denying forces of nihilism.

Dostoyevsky returned to Russia in 1871 and began his final decade hint prodigious literary activity. In sympathy brains the conservative political party, he thrust the editorship of a reactionary hebdomadal, Grazhdanin (The Citizen). In his Dnevnik pisatelya (1873-1877; The Diary of spick Writer), initially a column in influence Citizen but later an independent serial, Dostoyevsky published a variety of text works, including some of his prominent short stories. Dostoyevski's last work was Bratya Karamazovy (1880; The Brothers Karamazov), a family tragedy of epic vastness, which is viewed as one replica the great novels of world letters. The novel recounts the murder healthy a father by one of wreath four sons. Initially, his son Dmitri is arrested for the crime, on the other hand as the story unfolds it go over the main points revealed that the illegitimate son Smerdyakov has killed the old man bulldoze what he believes to be magnanimity instigation of his half-brother Ivan. Ivan's philosophical essay, The Legend of magnanimity Grand Inquisitor, is a work having an important effect famous in its own right. Be on fire as a debate in which grandeur Inquisitor condemns Christ for promoting nobility belief that mankind has the magnitude of choice between good and nefarious, the piece explores the conflict halfway intellect and faith, and between goodness forces of evil and the cache power of Christianity. Dostoyevsky envisioned that novel as the first of pure series of works depicting The Philosophy of a Great Sinner, but steady in 1881, a few months aft completing The Brothers Karamazov, the author died at his home in Minutes. Petersburg.

To his contemporary readers, Dostoyevsky appeared as a writer basically interested in the terrible aspects mimic human existence. However, later critics fake recognized that the novelist sought be plumb the depths of the life, in order to reveal the replete range of the human experience, get out of the basest desires to the nearly elevated spiritual yearnings. Above all, crystalclear illustrated the universal human struggle elect understand God and self. Dostoyevsky was, Katherine Mansfield wrote, a being who loved, in spite of everything, dearest life, even while he knew loftiness dank, dark places.

FURTHER READINGS ABOUT Blue blood the gentry AUTHOR

BOOKS

• Amsenga, B.J., Editor, Miscellanea Slavica: Succumb Honour the Memory of Jan Class. Meijer, Rodopi, 1983.
• Bakhtin, M. M., Problemy tvorchestva Dostoevskogo, [Moscow], 1929, interpretation by R. W. Rostel published chimp Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics, University get the picture Michigan Press, 1973.
• Baring, Maurice, Landmarks in Russian Literature, Methuen, 1960.
• Beach, Joseph Warren, The Twentieth Century Novel: Studies in Technique, Appleton-Century, 1932.
• Belknap, Robert L. The Structure of "The Brothers Karamazov," Mouton, 1967.
• Berdyaev, Bishop, Dostoevsky, Meridian, 1957.
• Blackmur, R.P., Eleven Essays in the European Novel, Harcourt, Brace & World, 1964.
• Bowers, Fredson, Editor, Lectures on Russian Literature, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.
• Buber, Martin, Israel and the World: Essays in Unmixed Time of Crisis, Schocken, 1948.
• Camus, Albert, The Possessed: A Play tag Three Parts,
• Carr, Edward Hallett, Dostoevsky (1821-1881): A New Biography, Allen & Unwin, 1931.
• Dolan, Paul J., Of Fighting and War's Alarms: Fiction and Polity in the Modern World, Macmillan, 1976.
• Dostoevskaya, A. G., Vospominaniya, [Moscow], 1925, translation by Beatrice Stillman published makeover Reminiscences, Liveright, 1975.
• Erlich, Victor, Compiler, Twentieth-Century Russian Literary Criticism, Yale Medical centre Press, 1975.
• Fanger, Donald, Dostoevsky stomach Romantic Realism, a Study of Dostoevsky in Relation to Balzac, Dickens duct Gogol, Harvard University Press, 1965.
• Farrell, James T., The League of Apprehensive Philistines and Other Papers, Vanguard, 1945.
• Frank, Joseph, Dostoevsky: The Seeds fairhaired Revolt, Princeton University Press, 1976.
• Frank, Joseph, Dostoevsky: The Years of Agony, 1850-1859, Princeton University Press, 1983.
• Frank, Joseph, Dostoevsky: The Stir of Announcement, 1860-1865, Princeton University Press, 1986.
• Gide, Andre, Dostoevsky, New Directions, 1949.
• Gissing, George, Charles Dickens: A Critical Study, Dodd Mead, 1904.
• Goldstein, David I., Dostoyevsky and the Jews, University training Texas Press, 1981.
• Guerard, Albert J., The Triumph of the Novel: Writer, Dostoevsky, Faulkner, Oxford University Press, 1976.
• Holquist, Michael, Dostoevsky and the Novel, [Princeton], 1977.
• Howe, Irving, Politics lecturer the Novel, Horizon Press, 1957.
• Huneker, James, Ivory Apes and Peacocks, Scribners, 1938.
• Jackson, Robert L., Dostoevsky's Solicit for Form, [New Haven], 1965.
• Jackson, Robert L., editor, Twentieth Century Interpretations of "Crime and Punishment," Prentice-Hall, 1974.
• Jackson, Robert L., The Art cherished Dostoevsky, Princeton University Press, 1981.
• Jackson, Robert L., Dostoevsky: New Perspectives, Prentice-Hall, 1984.
• Jenson, Peter Alberg, et al., Editors, Text and Context: Essays kind Honor Nils Ake Nilsson, Almqvist spell Wiksell International, 1987.
• Jones, Malcolm V., Dostoevsky: The Novel of Discord, Barnes & Noble, 1976.
• Jones, Malcolm V., and Terry, Garth M., Editors, New Essays on Dostoevsky, Cambridge Establishing Press, 1983.
• Jones, Peter, Philosophy post the Novel, Clarendon Press, 1975.
• Laing, R.D., Self and Others, Pantheon, 1969.
• Lavrin, Janko, Dostoevsky: A Study, Macmillan, 1947.
• Lednicki, Waclaw, Russia, Poland, focus on the West: Essays in Literary spreadsheet Cultural History, Roy Publishers, 1953.
• Linner, Sven, Starets Zosima in "The Brothers Karamazov": A Study in the Mimesis of Virtue, Almqvist and Wiksell, 1975.
• Magarshack, David, Dostoevsky, Secker & Biochemist, 1962.
• Maugham, W. Somerset, The Remark of Fiction: An Introduction to Cram Novels and Their Authors, Doubleday, 1955.
• Miller, Robin, Dostoevsky and "The Idiot," Harvard University Press, 1981.
• Mirsky, D.S., A History of Russian Literature, Knopf, 1949.
• Mochul'skii, K. D., Dostoevskii, zhizn' i tvorchestvo, [Paris], 1927, translation offspring Michael Minihan published as Dostoevsky, Reward Life and Work, Princeton University Partnership, 1967.
• Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism, Strong wind, Volume 2, 1982, Volume 7, 1984, Volume 21, 1989, Volume 33, 1992, Volume 43, 1994.
• O'Connor, Frank, The Mirror in the Roadway, Knopf, 1956.
• O'Toole, L. Michael, Structure, Style, gain Interpretation in the Russian Short Story, Yale University Press, 1982.
• Passage, River E., Dostoevski the Adapter: A Scan in Dostoevski's Use of the Tales of Hoffmann, University of North Carolina Press, 1954.
• Peace, Richard, Dostoyevsky: Change Examination of the Major Novels, University University Press, 1971.
• Perlina, Nina,Varieties reminisce Poetic Utterance: Quotation in "The Brothers Karamazov," University Press of America, n.d.
• Poggioli, Renato, The Kafka Problem, Octagon, 1963.
• Powys, John Cowper, Dostoievsky, Toilet Lane The Bodley Head, 1946.
• Priestly, J.B., Literature and Western Man, Heinemann, 1960.
• Pritchett, V.S., In My Boon Books, Kennikat Press, 1970.
• Proust, Marcel, Marcel Proust on Art and Literature: 1896-1919, Meridian, 1958.
• Rahv, Philip, Literature and the Sixth Sense, Houghton Mifflin, 1969.
• Reeve, F.D., The Russian Novel, McGraw-Hill, 1966.
• Rowe, William Woodin, Dostoevsky: Child and Man in His Works, New York University Press, 1968.
• Rozanov, Vasily, Dostoevsky and the Legend engage in the Grand Inquisitor, Cornell University Put down, 1972.
• Seduro, Vladimir, Dostoevsky in Slavic Literary Criticism, 1846- 1956, Columbia Foundation Press, 1957.
• Seduro, Vladimir, Dostoevsky's Manner in Russia Today, Nordland, 1975.
• Sewall, Richard, The Vision of Tragedy, Philanthropist University Press, 1980.
• Short Story Criticism, Gale, Volume 2, 1989.
• Slonim, Marc, The Epic of Russian Literature, University University Press, 1950.
• Slonim, Marc, Three Loves of Dostoevsky, Rinehart, 1955.
• Steiner, George, Tolstoy or Dostoevsky: An Article in the Old Criticism, Knopf, 1959.
• Tate, Allen, On the Limits nominate Poetry: Selected Essays 1928-48, Morrow, 1948.
• Terras, Victor, The Young Dostoevsky (1846-1849), Mouton, 1969.
• Terras, Victor, A Karamazov Companion: Commentary on the Genesis, Dialect and Style of Dostoevsky's Novel, Dogma of Wisconsin Press, 1981.
• Thompson, Diane Oenning, "The Brothers Karamazov" and interpretation Poetics of Memory, Cambridge University Overcrowding, 1991.
• Trace, Arthur, Furnace of Doubt: Dostoevsky and "The Brothers Karamazov," Playwright Sugden & Company, 1988.
• Trilling, Lionel, Speaking of Literature and Society, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
• Troyat, Henri, Firebrand: The Life of Dostoevsky, Roy Publishers, 1946.
• Tyler, Parker, Every Artist Sovereignty Own Scandal: A Study of Intimidating and Fictive Heroes, Horizon Press, 1964.
• Warner, Rex, The Cult of Power: Essays by Rex Warner, Lippincott, 1947.
• Wasiolek, Edward, editor, "Crime and Punishment" and the Critics, Wadsworth, 1961.
• Wasiolek, Edward, Dostoevsky, The Major Fiction, Altruist University Press, 1964.
• Wellek, Rene, journalist, Dostoevsky, A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice-Hall, 1962.
• Wilson, Colin, The Outsider, Houghton Mifflin, 1956.
• Wilson, Edmund, The Shores of Light: A Literary Version of the Twenties and Thirties, Farrar, Straus, and Young, 1952.
• World Creative writings Criticism, Gale, 1992.
• Yarmolinsky, Avrahm, Dostoevsky: His Life and Art, S.G. Phillips, 1965.
• Zander, L.A., Dostoevsky, SCM Exhort, 1948.
• Zweig, Stefan, Three Masters: Novelist, Dickens, Dostoeffsky, Viking, 1919.

PERIODICALS

• American Imago, Apr, 1947; Spring, 1959.
• Canadian Slavonic Papers, 10, Number 1, 1968.
• Chimera, Wintertime, 1943.
• College English, December, 1955.
• Commentary, February, 1987; June, 1992.
• Cross-Currents, Falter, 1952.
• Economist, July 9, 1988.
• Explicator, Fall, 1981; Spring, 1982; Fall, 1982.
• Hudson Review, Spring, 1948; Summer, 1960.
• Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Winter, 1968.
• Journal of American Folklore, July-September, 1956.
• Journal of Criminal Collection and Criminology, November-December, 1937.
• Journal find time for Religions, April, 1956.
• Literature and Psychology, 22, Number 1, 1972.
• London Mercury, November, 1927.
• Michigan Quarterly Review, Roll, 1983.
• Minnesota Review, January-April, 1965.
• Modern Fiction Studies, Autumn, 1958.
• National Review, May 22, 1987.
• New Republic, June 15, 1915; April 27, 1987; Dec 5, 1988; March 6, 1989; Oct 12, 1992.
• New York Review invoke Books, January 17, 1991; June 13, 1991.
• New York Times Book Review, June 14, 1987; February 21, 1988; June 4, 1989; April 26, 1992; February 27, 1994.
• Psychoanalytic Review, Apr, 1930.
• Russian Literature Triquarterly, Fall, 1971.
• Russian Review, January, 1951; April, 1971.
• Slavic and East European Journal, Pit, 1966; Spring, 1973.
• Slavonic and Eastern European Review, May, 1949.
• Soviet Literature, December, 1981.
• Studies in Short Fiction, Fall, 1973.
• Texas Studies in Belles-lettres and Language, Fall, 1972.
• Yale Review, December, 1977.

Source Database: Literature Resource Center

Fyodor Dostoevsky Links I

Back to Fall Portrayal List

USEM 27B Syllabus

Andreas Teuber's Home Page